World War I

[Introduction ~causes outbreak modes and events ~ settlement ~ result and aftermath] 

World War I, one of the most violent human conflicts, was fought between the Allies consisting of France, Russia and Great Britain that backed Serbia, and the Central Powers consisting of Austria-Hungary and Germany. Later twenty other nations such as the United States, China, Italy and Japan joined 

the Allies and Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers. 

The war was a result of a longtime hostility and tension throughout the European territories. Excessive nationalism developing among the Europeans made them too highly aggressive to their enemies. They made strong and rapid military build-ups, all ‘for the glory and greatness of their nations.’ For instance, Germany alone had 4.2 million soldiers in 1914: Besides their military build-ups at home, they made military alliances sharpening hostility between each other. There was also cutthroat competition among the powerful nations for colonies mainly in Asia and Africa. The falling Ottoman Empire also provided for their races for territorial expansions. Austria~ Hungary took over Bosnia Herzegovina from Serbia after the Second Balkan War of 1913. 

On June 28, 1914 Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Ferdinand, was shot dead in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo by Gavrilo Principe, a member of Black Hand Society instituted for Serbian unity. The Victim’s nation blamed Serbia for the assassination and declared war on it. Russia started to fight Austria~Hungary, so Germany declared war on Russia and France. German entry into Belgium also pulled Britain against 

{Introduction ~causes outbreak modes and events ~ settlement ~ result and aftermath] 

World War I, one of the most violent human conflicts, was fought between the Allies consisting of France, Russia and Great Britain that backed Serbia, and the Central Powers consisting of Austria-Hungary and Germany. Later twenty other nations such as the United States, China, Italy and Japan joined 

the Allies and Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers. 

The war was a result of a longtime hostility and tension throughout the European territories. Excessive nationalism developing among the Europeans made them too highly aggressive to their enemies. They made strong and rapid military build-ups, all ‘for the glory and greatness of their nations.’ For instance, Germany alone had 4.2 million soldiers in 1914: Besides their military build-ups at home, they made military alliances sharpening hostility between each other. There was also cutthroat competition among the powerful nations for colonies mainly in Asia and Africa. The falling Ottoman Empire also provided for their races for territorial expansions. Austria~ Hungary took over Bosnia Herzegovina from Serbia after the Second Balkan War of 1913. 

On June 28, 1914 Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Ferdinand, was shot dead in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo by Gavrilo Principe, a member of Black Hand Society instituted for Serbian unity. The Victim’s nation blamed Serbia for the assassination and declared war on it. Russia started to fight Austria~Hungary, so Germany declared war on Russia and France. German entry into Belgium also pulled Britain against the Central Powers. The war was fought in four major areas in and around Europe. Trenches were dug from North Sea td swiss Alps in the western front where German troops fought heavily  against the French and British in the beginning and finally against the American troops, too. The eastern front 1.emained a site of Russo-German battles. There were also heavy battles in the Balkans and the Middle East. 

The war was fought awfully with deadly inventions. Use of machine guns, long-range artilleries, grenades, aeroplanes, armoured tanks, submarines and poisonous gas caused horrendous casualties. Armies fought in dreadful conditions as that of muddy trenches against the barbed wire fence, advancing little through the no-man’s land and retreating. Even the civilian population was not protected. The warring nations would make every possible effort for victory. Youths were massively recruited. As soldiers were killed and injured, more older and younger men had to be sent. Uniforms and arms had to be manufactured. Land was cultivated ‘for victory’. 

Germany had won many battles in European battlefronts by 1916. In 1917 Russian armies deserted the battlefields due to a revolution in their land. The United States joined the Allies in 1917 when German submarines began to sink the former’s unarmed ships. With abundant support from the new partner, the Allies made the Central Powers surrender in autumn 1918. The war was officially ended by an armistice signed in France on November 11. Germany withdrew immediately from all occupied territories and surrendered all major weapons. Later on 

June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed with a proposal to institute the League of Nations, the first international organization. 

World War I was the first war of its kind. It causedappalling loss of life and property. About 10 million soldiers 

{Introduction ~causes outbreak modes and events ~ settlement ~ result and aftermath] 

World War I, one of the most violent human conflicts, was fought between the Allies consisting of France, Russia and Great Britain that backed Serbia, and the Central Powers consisting of Austria-Hungary and Germany. Later twenty other nations such as the United States, China, Italy and Japan joined 

the Allies and Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers. 

The war was a result of a longtime hostility and tension throughout the European territories. Excessive nationalism developing among the Europeans made them too highly aggressive to their enemies. They made strong and rapid military build-ups, all ‘for the glory and greatness of their nations.’ For instance, Germany alone had 4.2 million soldiers in 1914: Besides their military build-ups at home, they made military alliances sharpening hostility between each other. There was also cutthroat competition among the powerful nations for colonies mainly in Asia and Africa. The falling Ottoman Empire also provided for their races for territorial expansions. Austria~ Hungary took over Bosnia Herzegovina from Serbia after the Second Balkan War of 1913. 

On June 28, 1914 Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Ferdinand, was shot dead in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo by Gavrilo Principe, a member of Black Hand Society instituted for Serbian unity. The Victim’s nation blamed Serbia for the assassination and declared war on it. Russia started to fight Austria~Hungary, so Germany declared war on Russia and France. German entry into Belgium also pulled Britain against 

-ln 

e Central Powers. The war was fought in four major areas in and around Europe. Trenches were dug from North Sea td swiss Alps in the western front where German troops fought heavily  against the French and British in the beginning and finally against the American troops, too. The eastern front 1.emained a site of Russo-German battles. There were also heavy battles in the Balkans and the Middle East. 

The war was fought awfully with deadly inventions. Use of machine guns, long-range artilleries, grenades, aeroplanes, armoured tanks, submarines and poisonous gas caused horrendous casualties. Armies fought in dreadful conditions as that of muddy trenches against the barbed wire fence, advancing little through the no-man’s land and retreating. Even the civilian population was not protected. The warring nations would make every possible effort for victory. Youths were massively recruited. As soldiers were killed and injured, more older and younger men had to be sent. Uniforms and arms had to be manufactured. Land was cultivated ‘for victory’. 

Germany had won many battles in European battlefronts by 1916. In 1917 Russian armies deserted the battlefields due to a revolution in their land. The United States joined the Allies in 1917 when German submarines began to sink the former’s unarmed ships. With abundant support from the new partner, the Allies made the Central Powers surrender in autumn 1918. The war was officially ended by an armistice signed in France on November 11. Germany withdrew immediately from all occupied territories and surrendered all major weapons. Later on 

June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles was signed with a proposal to institute the League of Nations, the first international organization. 

World War I was the first war of its kind. It causedappalling loss of life and property. About 10 million soldiers were killed and 20 million peOple were wounded It left millions of refugees Death  many soldiers, caused dramatic low population growth and lack of manpower in the subsequent years. An estimated  figure of 337 billion US $ was spent 1n the war. Borrowing and extra money printing brought inflation The war changed the ge0polltlcs of the world forever New countries Were formed and systerns of Inany governments were changed. Communist  rose to power as in Russia. Women’s activation forced by the war ultimately gained for them suffrage and other political rights in many countries.